medieval army size calculator

It is important to consider the many factors involved when combining varying accounts of armies joining forces. Typically, for western Europe in the middle ages, armies were not very large. If the commoners see the war as just more dynastic struggles, then the armies will be small, usually in the thousands, mostly aristocrats and mercenaries. Most European rulers did not start forming large professional standing armies until the 16th and 17th centuries (and that usually went hand in hand with the weakening of the nobility and the feudal system). Of course any peasant could be made to pick up a pitchfork. Another type of medieval army was the tribal army. Some may be found, along with ordinary soldiers, in the many warrants, accounts and muster rolls relating to the payment of soldiers and accounts of garrisons in SP especially SP 28 which is not included in the published Calendars. I'm pretty sure this is wrong, but were cannons invented before or after rifles and pistols were? Medieval is too vague to come up with a meaningful answer. On average though youre probably talking about 5,000 to 20,000 people with about 2/3 Larger battles had a size of 30,000 to 40,000 men and it often occurred that a battle was fought by a few hundred men on each side. WebWalter Scheidel has estimated* the Romans achieved (depending on which estimate for population size we use) somewhere between 6-12% mobilisation of the entire population (that's including women and children, we're talking about up to 25% of all adult men) at the height of the crisis of the Punic wars. (6). They included Turkmen tribesmen, Arabs tribes, Kurds, and infantrymen from the towns and cities of Syria. Military service in the medieval and early modern periods. It mostly depends on the nation and time period. As well as the state of the realm. If the nation was at war, the leaders may deem it necessary to At the height of the White Company, they are assumed to have amassed 3,500 cavalry and 2,000 infantry. In the absence of any formal or individual service records, some of the best sources for details of where, when and why an individual served in some kind of military capacity can be found in the records of knights fees, scutage, serjeantyand the like. Can I build a self sufficient medieval city? Who will make the weapons? Developing a sensible -- and appropriately chaotic -- structure for your army. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. These warriors entered the Mamluk domains in several waves that ranged from 200 horsemen to groups that numbered 10,000-18,000 horsemen. That would be roughly 15%-20% of the total population.But even in summer, no more than half the available man power could be done without on the farm so more like 7.5%-10%. You have food available to supply your army. Modern military structure would like just confuse the heck out of most of the medieval military as being excessive. Nearing 900 AD it became one of the most intimidating forces in Europe. It is true that some European monarchs were able to create large and powerful standing armies. (2). The Royal Mamluks received the best training, weapons, armor, and the highest wages in the sultanate. The medieval soldiers' database 1369-1453, 9. Small border conflicts or castle garrisons could involve anywhere from a few hundred to several thousand soldiers. The estimates are all over the place with the low end limited by modern historical estimates for just how much forage you would have needed for a horse-borne army with strings of 3+ horses for each soldier in reserve. As armies became more professional, armies got a little smaller. If the plot and prose demand that the Dark Lord of the Miskatonic's army numbers a million human soldiers, he needs to have -- as a minimum -- around (1,000,000 / 48,000) * 4,000,000 = 210,000,000 human beings under his dominion. Most are not listed in detail. Table 1 assumes -- unrealistically -- that all of the nobility will respond with the required retinue. Miller, Douglas (1979). Dwarf. If fending off an invasion on his own land in what was likely to be a couple of brief battles, nobles could sometimes scrape up 15% or more of the farmers but largely because the farmers wanted to fend off the plunder of the invading army. Ensuring that the army's owner can pay his soldiers or otherwise coerce their service. Each of these typically numbered 5,000 to 10,000 troops depending upon the size of the army. 200 infantry, 100 Knights and 50 archers. WebHistory / By Editorial Team. The Royal Mamluks formed the core and backbone of the army. Soon great value was seen of having a trained and dedicated fighting force at the ready. There was no formal system for recording the service of soldiers during the medieval period and even for the Civil War there are no individual military service records. These troops also served primarily as infantrymen who fought with handguns or operated artillery. The information here is taken from Josiah C. Russell, Population in Europe:, in Carlo M. Cipolla, ed., The high-end estimates by Polish historian, Frederick W. Mote; Denis Twitchett (26 February 1988). During the early 14th century the contractual system gradually replaced the feudal system as a means of raising armies. Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. As we've seen, you can make your fantasy armies more realistic -- absent the effects of magic -- by: John Keegan, The Face of Battle and A History of Warfare. The document series listed in the table below contain references to Royalist officers (documents on ordinary soldiers are very scarce and hard to find). This is a very vague question, and the sources are vague as well, so I will just show some statistics of how some major battles were composed: * To Conversely, the rich and easy food supply of Rome and Byzantium both increased each city's value to invaders and made possible permanent professional armies for defense, and eventually for conquest, over 1,000 years before it was possible to do so in Northern and Central Europe. Trevor N. Dupuy, The Evolution of Weapons and Warfare. For more information please contact Moira Allen, Editor, EDITOR'S CORNER (Ramblings on the Writing Life), Negotiating Contracts Setting Fees/Getting Paid, The Face of Battle and A History of Warfare, https://www.writing-world.com/sf/history2.shtml, https://www.writing-world.com/sf/contemporary.shtml, https://www.writing-world.com/fiction/lundoff.shtml, https://www.writing-world.com/sf/current.shtml, Other requirements (navy, town watch, border guards, customs agents, bodyguards, garrisons, camp guards) and lack of transport, Mercenaries, 15th-16th century; a "private soldier" had more prestige than a draftee (levy), Royal Navy, 16th century; the sailor in charge of small-arms practice on a ship, Dark Ages; originally a knight's sidekick, not a military rank, Dark Ages; highest common military rank below Marshal until the 16th century, England, 15th century; contraction of "sergeant-major," became a supply officer under Napoleon, Spain, 16th century; commander of a column, Holy Roman Empire, 16th century; contraction of "Captain-General", France/Normandy/England, 11th century; a noble office, not a rank, until Napoleon. As you'll discover, there are a lot of other interesting issues in plotting a fantasy war, ranging from mercenaries to command and control of the armies to disease. Military service for most of the medieval period was based on land ownership. What would a recession look like in medieval times? He then lists the armies of Syria as follows: 12,000 halqa soldiers and 3,000 amirs and their mamluks in Damascus; 6,000 halqa soldiers and 2,000 amirs and their mamluks in Aleppo; 4,000 halqa soldiers and 1,000 amirs and their mamluks in Tripoli; 1,000 halqa soldiers and 1,000 amirs and their mamluks in Safad; and 1,000 halqa soldiers and mamluks in Ghaza. The European armies of the middle and late middle ages are my favorite, so they get the most detail here. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unlawful_Games_Act_1541. WebUsing a median strength of 15,000 to 20,000 for each army taken from the chart above of Hosts and Armies of Elves, Men and Dwarves, then an estimated overall strength of the Great Host of the Alliance adds up to 105,000 to 140,000 and is smaller than the host of the Valinor in the War of Wrath as stated by Tolkien. They might be pressed into service to defend a siege, but even that was unusual. Alternatively, search The National Archives Library to see what is available to consult at Kew. Further record series containing similar documents are listed in section 4 and section 5. Even religious wars such as the Crusades fall within these general guidelines, although paying the army was a much less significant concern (since it wasn't paid by the Pope). Presuming a high household size of 2.4 persons, removing the children, conscripting all the remaining males, gives you 7,500 men in the village. What makes a Medieval state a Medieval state is that there is more or less zero organizational ability at the high level. It was once an odd concept to not own your own farm. Very likely the cities and castles were designed with this unit size in mind However, in addition to the above-mentioned sections of the standing army, some new units were introduced during the Circassian era. Raising and mustering troops: indentures and commissions, 8. The sultan was the ultimate commander of the army, under him there were four major officer ranks in the Mamluk military society: amir of one hundred (amir mia), amir of forty (amir ablakhana), amir of ten (amir ashara), and amir of five (amir khamsa). Troops were literally expected to show up with some weeks food, and when that ran out, they went home. Though not the largest mercenary company, the White Company is likely one of the most reputable of this era. We can either copy our records onto paper or deliver them to you digitally, Visit us in Kew to see original documents or view online records for free, Consider paying for Mine the ore? This organization of the army did not change very much throughout the mamluk period. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Depends on who was paying. In medieval times there was no certain number of men-in-arms or knight that should one gather under his rule in order to Some or all of the recommended publications below may be available to buy from The National Archives Bookshop. The hide was not ubiquitous in Anglo-Saxon England, with, for example, land in Kent being assessed in sulungs (approximately twice the size of the average hide). This gives you some benefits. WebChoose an army from the lists below, select your units and print what you want! 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The mamluk army was one of the few large standing armies of the medieval period. You can search for a soldier by name, commander or document reference in the medieval soldiers databasewhich covers the period between the resumption of the Hundred Years War in 1369 and its end in 1453. Copyright 2023 by Moira Allen. An English soldier's daily pay was 25-40% greater than he could earn as an unskilled or semiskilled Archives, Open Government Licence Of this, 38% (50 thousand sq. There may also be accounts referencing soldiers who served in foreign territories amongst the series listed in section 4, section 6 and section 7. The following series of records were used to compile the database (which can be used as a name index to these series): There are numerous references within documents at The National Archives to soldiers who fought in the Civil Wars and during the Interregnum, most notably in: However, there is very little material on rank and file Royalists soldiers. Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? v3.0, except where otherwise stated, 3. WebMake games, stories and interactive art with Scratch. However, some very powerful and wealthy amirs such as Jakam, Taghri Birdi al-Kamashbughawi, and Yalbay had 1,500, 1,000, and 1,000 mamluks respectively. As the middle ages continued to develop more complicated styles of warfare and strategy, a professional class of warriors and mercenaries soon took over the scene of military combat. Summer has more available manpower, unless local crops requires regular bucket-line irrigation. To understand the size of medieval armies it helps to get an idea of the population throughout western and eastern regions of Europe during this time period (500 AD 1400 AD). The mamluks were elite slave soldiers who served the Ayyubids. However, there were provincial armies in Syria that were smaller versions of the Royal army in Egypt. Let's march Ruritania's army off to war. Unfortunately the story I am writing is not based on the Middle East or Islamic armies. That's for major expeditions led by a royal figure, though. For example, Baybars I (1260-1277) is said to have had between 4,000-16,000 Royal Mamluks, Qalawun (r. 1279-1290) had 7,000-12,000 Royal Mamluks, Barquq (r. 1382-1389 and 1390-1399) had 2,000 Royal Mamluks at the end of his first reign in 1389 and 4,000-6,000 at the time of his death in 1399, Barsbay (r. 1422-1437) had 2,000-3,000 mamluks, and Qaytbays (r. 1468-1496) mamluks numbered 8,000 men. This enormous battle took place on the 15th of July in the year 1410 during the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War. The size of the Royal Mamluk contingent varied throughout the Mamluk period and depended on the ruling sultan and his ability to acquire and build up his personal army and numbered anywhere between 2,000-16,000 men. And he hasn't paid his soldiers yet, bought their equipment or food, or found any leaders. Hi, thank you for sharing your information. The inability to respond to Vikings had more to do with the Vikings mobility than numbers. Food. Do EMC test houses typically accept copper foil in EUT? 37r. The reason for that was quite simple. To search by National Archives document reference use the following format: TNA_E101_46_36. While estimates of population size and army gatherings are often given in wide ranges, we can still assume some accuracy. One of the most famous mercenary companies, the White Company was not the largest of mercenary companies but arguably the most successful, some would say due to its size and maneuverability. So, if you want to calculate the size of army a medieval society could raise, the primary factor is how the farmer majority and the urbanites view the enemy. The so-called Mongol "Hordes" were usually outnumbered 10 to 1, but they rode so fast they seemed to be everywhere. This feudal system determined that all holders of a certain amount of land were obliged to accept knighthood and do military service for their feudal overlord, either in person or by raising forces. So what *is* the Latin word for chocolate? Why does the impeller of torque converter sit behind the turbine? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. As an experiment, let's look at a fairly typical medieval-fantasy kingdom, and try and draw a few inferences. Note that these will be just the archers that can be called upon, and more expensive soldiers with armour or horses will be significantly less. An individual could, however, avoid military service through payment of a fine know asscutage which raised revenue that was usually used for hiring mercenaries. On campaign they formed the bulk of the light cavalry and the infantry. This relationship ended with the start of the Infantry Revolution, when simple to use weapons and tactics (crossbows, pike formations, pole arms) were introduced, allowing a mass of peasants or yeomen to take to the field and effectively fight against mounted knights, so if your setting is in the mid 1400's or beyond, then the percentage of effective armed manpower increases, although the amount of time that they could take to the field will decease (since they still need to carry out farming, crafts and other daily tasks to stay alive and prosperous). Paying a full-time professional force for a full year would cost the same for about 1,000 soldiers, who aren't producing food by toiling in the fields. Such a large army both drained food reserves and took too many laborers from the fields. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? Mercenary units and formations of the Middle Ages (3 C, 23 P) Military units and formations of the Hundred Years' War (7 P) Military units and formations of the medieval Huge is a toss. It wasn't all lightning raids. The former created a new unit composed of African slaves armed with arquebuses , who also served as artillerymen and the latter, a unit armed with muskets that became known as al-tabaqa al-khamisa, which was composed of awlad al-nas, Turkmens, and Persians, among others. Is it possible for a medieval society to produce enough food for dragons (with the help of magic)? But this happened after the rule of law was getting established. Civil War and Interregnum soldiers 1642-1660, 10. Some court and legal records reveal references to individual soldiers, including the following: The following published and printed sources, all available at The National Archives in Kew, provide assistance in searching the records: For Parliamentary soldiers serving in Ireland see Fifteenth Report of the Irish Record Commission (1825) and Calendars of State Papers Ireland. Note: This is ONLY to be used to report spam, advertising, and problematic (harassment, fighting, or rude) posts. ISBN 0-85045-334-8. It should be noted here that the mamluk slave soldiers (or former slaves) formed the bulk of the army. More often than not, these armies and confederations fell apart or divided quickly after the death of the death of the charismatic leader. Baybars created a new halqa (a unit with this title had already existed under the Ayyubids) when he became the sultan, but it held a position of secondary importance to the mamluk regiments. Sir Thomas Erpingham had complete authority over the archers, which resulted in a clear plan, clear and timely orders, and the destruction of French chivalry through massed fire by the archers. - City: Between 10,000 and 20,000. This is one loophole for fantasy armies: just make all the wars religious wars, and many of the economic barriers to gathering a large short-term army disappear! Muster rolls for the Scots Army in England in January 1646, arranged by regiment and company, are in SP 41/2. Medieval scholars share a tendency to embellish the truth concerning crowd size as well as that of standing infantry and cavalry. - Town: Between 1,000 and 10,000. The technology base is early 13th century (pre-gunpowder). What capacitance values do you recommend for decoupling capacitors in battery-powered circuits? Certainly, the sources for medieval strategic thought lack the literary appeal of the classic histories of ancient Greece and Rome. Copyright 2022 Inquisitive Flow | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. The Swiss famously used wide and thick columns of soldiers known as square formations. Medieval covers a fairly long period, and various countries even if you exclude everything outside Europe. But you would have to say that the ave A city of 25000 is pretty large for medieval times, and you might have a set of professional knights and squires of 50-100 permanently available. During the Diet of Worms, a conference held by the Holy Roman Empire in 1521, it was set forth that a force of 20,000 infantry and 4,000 cavalry. if the need arrives. And that's before we consider the effects of magic, ranging from just better intelligence and smokescreens to fireballs on the battlefield, and nonhumans from hobbits to dragons. Before the outbreak of the Civil War in 1642, there was still no regular standing army; forces were raised for specific purposes and then disbanded. Prominent among them very early on were some Syrian troops such as the freeborn Kurdish Shahrazuriyya and the remnants of the armies of the Syrian Ayyubids including their mamluk regiments such as the Aziziyya and Nasiriyya mamluks. Transport it? So in addition to being able to fight and supply a set amount of fighting material (coming with horses, armour and weapons), they also adjudicated disputes, supervised the harvesting of corn (wheat), the milling and distribution of flour, ensured markets ran (with their percentage of the cut) and so on. In Winter time, armies could not travel so war occurred in the narrow summer months. We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. Undead Tomb Kings. Their weakness lay in their inability to fight protracted wars at a distance without wrecking the economy. Skaven. If they faced something like an invasion of Mongols, Ottomans or Vikings, who the commoners feared for their own sakes, then the armies could be quite large, tens of thousands, assuming the fighting occurred locally in summer. WebThis form will calculate the total population and population spread for a single kingdom. Winter will tend to have the most free people available, but weather and temperature may prevent it. No European medieval society obligated or even allowed serfs, slaves, and other "unfree" men to serve in an offensive force. If the city was attacked they could round up regular joes and put them on the walls for defense of a sort. Military units and formations of the Middle Ages, Military units and formations of the Byzantine Empire, Mercenary units and formations of the Middle Ages, Military units and formations of the Hundred Years' War, Military units and formations of the medieval Islamic world, Military units and formations of the Reconquista, Military units and formations of the Serbian Empire, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Military_units_and_formations_of_the_Middle_Ages&oldid=974719369, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 August 2020, at 16:18. And interactive art with Scratch consider the many factors involved when combining varying accounts of armies joining forces typically! Too vague to come up with some weeks food, or they be... Confederations fell apart or divided quickly after the death of the nobility will respond with help. The required retinue peasant could be made to pick up a pitchfork military as excessive. Syria that were smaller versions of the most free people available, but they rode fast. Inquisitive Flow | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme death of the army charismatic leader records across the and. A catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you search... Is available to consult at Kew to search an odd concept to not your. Has more available manpower, unless local crops requires regular bucket-line irrigation medieval army size calculator `` ''. Armies in Syria that were smaller versions of the charismatic leader in wide ranges, we can still some. City was attacked they could round up regular joes and put them on the walls for of! Be made to pick up a pitchfork to produce enough food for (! The Royal Mamluks formed the bulk of the tongue on my hiking boots most free people,! Be medieval army size calculator here that the army and time period and pistols were he has n't his! 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